Hierarchically porous structured materials have potential applications in catalysis, biology, biomedical and other fields, because of their variety advantages, such as high surface and pore volume, excellent permeability storage performance etc. Therefore, it has always been one of the hot spots in scientific research. In the past decades, a variety of hierarchically porous materials have been prepared, however, there are a lot of problems that have not be solved, such as hardly control of the well-defined morphology and well-ordered mesostructured as the particle size becomes smaller, complicated synthesis method and so on. So, it is meaningful to develop a simple and effective method for synthesis of hierarchically porous materials. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles have unique advantages in the areas of catalysis, adsorption, separation, biosensing, and biological sciences due to their dual function of porous materials and nanoparticle materials. However, the preparation of uniform, monodisperse, size-controllable mesoporous silica nanoparticles is still a difficult problem.

Surfactants or polymers have been widely used as templates for the formation of porous materials. According to the types of polyelectrolyte, surfactant and the condition of assembly, the complex of polyelectrolyte and surfactant can have abundant ordered mesostructures. So it has a wide range of applications in the synthesis of hierarchically porous structured materials. In this thesis, a series of hierarchical mesoporous silica nanoparticles were prepared using a complex system of polyelectrolyte and surfactant. We also studied the effects of different length of surfactant complexes and different silicon precursor on the morphology and structure of the hierarchically porous materials, and highly ordered HMS nanoparticles with 2D hexagonal structure (p6mm) were firstly obtained in polymer-surfactant synthetic system. Finally apply it to the adsorption experiment to explore the rate of adsorption of mesoporous materials with different structures.

介孔材料是指孔径介于 2-50 nm 的一类多孔材料。由于其较的高比表面积、规则有序的介孔孔道、孔径分布连续可调等特点，在吸附、分离、催化、电极材料、光电器件、化学传感器、非线性光学材料等领域有重要的应用价值。 多级孔结构材料由于其具有高比表面积和较大的孔体积、优异的通透性能和吸附性能等诸多优点，在催化、生物医药等领域具有重要的应用价值，因而一直是科学研究热点之一。近年来，多级孔结构材料的制备和研究已经得得到了突破性进展，各种样各的多级孔结构材料被不断地合成出来，但是在多级孔结构材料的合成与研究中仍然存在很多未能解决的问题，如其形貌和相态结构难以控制，有序结构随着粒子的变小转变为无序结构，复杂的合成方法等。因此，寻求一类简单、易操作表面活性剂或聚合物作为模板来制备多级孔结构材料，并研究其合成机制仍然具有重要的意义。介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子由于具有介孔材料和纳米粒子材料的双重功能，所以在催化，吸附，分离，生物传感和生物科学领域具有独特的优势。但是制备粒径均一的，单分散的，尺寸可控的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子仍然是一难点。 聚电解质-表面活性剂作为模板已广泛应用于多孔材料的合成。聚电解质和表面活性剂的复合物是具有有序液晶相的介晶化合物。根据聚电解质的类型，表面活性剂和组装条件，聚电解质与表面活性剂的复合物可以具有丰富的有序介观结构，所以它在合成多级孔材料有着广泛的应用前景。在本论文中，使用聚电解质与表面活性剂的复合物体系制备了一系列多级孔介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子，并且研究了不同长度烷基链的表面活性剂和不同硅前驱体对多级孔材料的形貌和结构的影响，并首次在聚合物-表面活性剂合成体系中首次得到了具有二维六方结构（P6mm）的高度有序介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子。最后将其应用于吸附实验，探究不同结构介孔材料对丁基罗丹明吸附速率的快慢。