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Mikroyrityksiä on erittäin paljon ja suurimman osan tavoitteena on laajentaa liiketoimintaa ja parantaa yrityksen tulosta. Ulkoiset sidosryhmät ovat monissa mikroyrityksissä tärkeässä roolissa ja siksi niiden vaikutuksia yrityksien mahdollisuuksiin laajentua on tärkeää tutkia, jotta mikroyritykset voivat kasvattaa liiketoimintaansa ja kasvaa pk-yritykseksi. Tämä kandidaatintyö tutkii yrittäjän ulkoisten sidosryhmien vaikutuksia yrityksen mahdollisuuksiin laajentua mikroyrityksestä pk-yritykseksi. Tutkimuksen aineisto on kerätty laadullisin puolistrukturoiduin haastatteluin, joihin osallistui kaksi yrittäjää eri aloilta, jotka molemmat olivat kasvattaneet yrityksen mikroyrityksestä pk-yritykseksi. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että suhteet ulkoisiin sidosryhmiin ovat tärkeitä ja nopeuttavat yrityksen kasvua. Suhteet ulkoisiin sidosryhmiin lisäävät mahdollisuuksia, helpottavat myyntiä ja tuovat tunnettavuutta. Suurin osa-alue, johon ulkoisilla verkostoilla on vaikutusta, on tunnettavuuden kasvu ja sitä kautta lisääntyvät mahdollisuudet.
The subject of research is based on practically found problem of slow implementation of supplier connectivity on the supplier sector, per se. It is critical to get the supplier sector to be an active part in implementing the e-procurement procedures in order to utilize the benefits from electronic commerce throughout the whole supply chain. The demands of a supplier sector concerning supplier connectivity were studied from the viewpoint of public procurement. The study was an individual research aligned with ongoing public procurement development project. Quality Function Deployment based model was developed to recognize supplier sector demands from end-user perspective. While conducting the study it became evident that the supplier sector was not ready to distinguish its own development demands from a software development perspective. Also, some of the possible reasons behind slow adaptation of supplier connectivity in a public procurement cannot be solved only by software development.
Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors. They are known for their roles in regulation of osteogenesis and developmental processes and, in recent years, evidence has accumulated of their crucial functions in tumor biology. BMP4 and BMP7, in particular, have been implicated in breast cancer. However, little is known about BMP target genes in the context of tumor. We explored the effects of BMP4 and BMP7 treatment on global gene transcription in seven breast cancer cell lines during a 6-point time series, using a whole-genome oligo microarray. Data analysis included hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes, gene ontology enrichment analyses and model based clustering of temporal data. Results Both ligands had a strong effect on gene expression, although the response to BMP4 treatment was more pronounced. The cellular functions most strongly affected by BMP signaling were regulation of transcription and development. The observed transcriptional response, as well as its functional outcome, followed a temporal sequence, with regulation of gene expression and signal transduction leading to changes in metabolism and cell proliferation. Hierarchical clustering revealed distinct differences in the response of individual cell lines to BMPs, but also highlighted a synexpression group of genes for both ligands. Interestingly, the majority of the genes within these synexpression groups were shared by the two ligands, probably representing the core molecular responses common to BMP4 and BMP7 signaling pathways. Conclusions All in all, we show that BMP signaling has a remarkable effect on gene transcription in breast cancer cells and that the functions affected follow a logical temporal pattern. Our results also uncover components of the common cellular transcriptional response to BMP4 and BMP7. Most importantly, this study provides a list of potential novel BMP target genes relevant in breast cancer. Keywords: bone morphogenetic protein; breast cancer; BMP4; BMP7; expression microarray
Microsatellite instability (MSI) leads to accumulation of an excessive number of mutations in the genome, mostly small insertions and deletions. MSI colorectal cancers (CRCs), however, also contain more point mutations than microsatellite‐stable (MSS) tumors, yet they have not been as comprehensively studied. To identify candidate driver genes affected by point mutations in MSI CRC, we ranked genes based on mutation significance while correcting for replication timing and gene expression utilizing an algorithm, MutSigCV. Somatic point mutation data from the exome kit‐targeted area from 24 exome‐sequenced sporadic MSI CRCs and respective normals, and 12 whole‐genome‐sequenced sporadic MSI CRCs and respective normals were utilized. The top 73 genes were validated in 93 additional MSI CRCs. The MutSigCV ranking identified several well‐established MSI CRC driver genes and provided additional evidence for previously proposed CRC candidate genes as well as shortlisted genes that have to our knowledge not been linked to CRC before. Two genes, SMARCB1 and STK38L, were also functionally scrutinized, providing evidence of a tumorigenic role, for SMARCB1 mutations in particular.