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This study aims to investigate the influence of infill orientation and surface machining on the fatigue performance of additively manufactured Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). SolidWorks software was used for designing the tensile test specimen according to the dimensions of standard ISO 527-2/1A. Then it was additively manufactured with various infill orientations (0,30,45,60 and 90 degrees) using FDM 3D printing. Two sets of specimens were produced. The fatigue life of the first set of specimens was studied to determine how the infill orientation influences the fatigue life of this material. The second set was processed using machining and sanding to alter its surface roughness. The surface roughness values of both sets were measured which showed that the surface roughness of specimens generally decreased after processing. Then fatigue life of the processed specimens was also studied. Finally, the fatigue performance results of original and processed specimens were compared to study how the fatigue performance of this material is influenced after processing. Specimens with 90-degrees infill orientation survived the highest number of fatigue cycles for both original and processed specimens.
Document Management System plays an important role in any organization especially when it comes to retrieving hundreds of documents. Various companies use Document Management Systems for their specified purposes like accessing and managing the documents, editing online etc. Each Document Management System functionality varies according to the required features. Keeping in mind above mentioned criteria, Documentation Technology team in our department came up with an idea to create an access portal where the Designer Team can access required documents through one access point. Designer documentation in our department is scattered in various platforms and tools. It’s hard to keep track of each document, whether it’s HW, SW, Modelling, Design, or Verification related. The Access Portal front end is based on HTML, CSS, and Bootstrap. While Django Framework and Python are used to build the back end. PostgreSQL serves as a database to store the documents. Docker is used as a cloud container to run the website on our company’s internal cloud UNIX server.
Opinnäytetyön aiheena on ammatilliset väärinkäytökset ja niihin johtavat syyt. Yksilötasolla on tutkittu muun muassa psykologian avulla syitä, jotka ovat voineet vaikuttaa ihmisen väärinlaiseen käytökseen. Organisaation tasolla tutkittiin puutteita, jotka olivat voineet mahdollistaa väärinkäytökset sekä toimenpiteitä, joiden täytyi olla kunnossa, jotta väärinkäytöksiä ei tapahtuisi. Tuntemalla paremmin väärinkäytöksiin johtaneet taustatekijät, voidaan ennaltaehkäistä mahdollisia väärinkäytöksiä sekä varautua niihin paremmin. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on lisätä tietoisuutta siitä, että väärinkäytöksiä tapahtuu paljon. Organisaatioiden pitää suhtautua väärinkäytöksen riskiin vakavasti ja tehdä toimenpiteitä riskin pienentämiseksi. Opinnäytetyössä on tuotu esille erilaisia menetelmiä, jotka vähentävät väärinkäytösten riskiä ja ovat keskeisessä asemassa ennaltaehkäisytyössä. Opinnäytetyö etenee johdannon jälkeen väärinkäytösten eri näkökulmiin, sisäiseen tarkastukseen ja sisäiseen valvontaan. Persoona-, oikeus- ja kriminaalipsykologia ovat olleet tarkastelussa ja niiden avulla on pyritty löytämään väärinkäytöksiä yhdistäviä tekijöitä ja tunnistamaan ne asiat, jotka ovat voineet vaikuttaa väärinkäytöksiin. Tämän jälkeen tarkasteltiin laadullisen tutkimuksen tuloksia, ennaltaehkäisykeinoja sekä johtopäätöksiä.
It appears that stock return and its volatility are negatively correlated. Negative returns cause volatility to increase more than positive returns of the same magnitude. This empirical regularity is often termed as asymmetric volatility in the burgeoning literature. Two competing theoretical explanations for observed volatility asymmetry at the firm level have been put forward by researchers: leverage effect, and volatility feedback effect (i.e., time-varying risk premia). Using a more up-to-date data in the context of the Finnish stock market, the thesis aims to investigate observed volatility asymmetry within the framework of volatility feedback effect. In other words, the study examines asymmetric behavior of conditional variances and covariance, and their impact on risk premium under the time-varying risk premium hypothesis. The research contributes to the extant literature on the volatility asymmetry under the volatility feedback effect in the context of the Finnish stock market since most previous studies were based on other developed stock markets. Apart from studies under volatility feedback effect in the Finnish stock market, it is the only study concentrating directly on volatility feedback effect to explain observed volatility asymmetry. Hence, the study provides valuable insights into the return-volatility dynamics and their asymmetric functioning to practitioners as well as investors. The analysis is approached employing econometric models such as univariate EGARCH, ADCC-EGARCH in modeling conditional covariance. The results suggest that market conditional volatility increases expected stock risk premium through a change in covariance, and so does more when market return is asymmetric. The findings reveal that evidence for volatility feedback effect to explain observed volatility asymmetry is weak. Rather, evidence for significant firm-specific conditional volatility is found. The study puts forward reasons for firm-specific conditional volatility is due to firm-level leverage, and/or market inefficiency. The results provide practical implications and insights for potential investors and portfolio managers regarding the benefits of investing and diversifying portfolio in the Finnish stock market.