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The study examines the professional expertise in child welfare work and child protection social workers’ learning at workplace in challenging client situations. The main research aim was to study how the experience gained from challenging client situations affects the learning in the workplace and the professional expertise of social workers in child welfare. The first data set of the study comprises narratives of challenging client situations (N=14) and the second thematic interviews with social workers (N=20). In the analysis on the client situation narratives, the critical incident approach (CIT) is applied and the-matic content analysis is applied in the analysis of the interviews. All described challenging situations were related to meetings and negotiations with clients. The challenges were related to the consolidation and verbalization of support and control to the client. The situations triggered a critical and developmental reflection in social workers that focused on the customer process and the customer interaction, their co-operation, work ethic and their own values. The learning related to the situations was integrated in many ways with the roles in the work situation and duties of social workers at the different stages of the child protection process. Learning at work was versatile and it took place in challenging client situations as if a side product of working, implicitly and reactively. Deliberative, planned learning was not related to any of the challenging client situations, and there were no systematic efforts to learn from the events at the work community level. Some of the interviewees’ workplaces employed structured, community-oriented methods of operation, which were considered an integral part of learning in the workplace and the development of expertise. Learning related to challenging client situations in child welfare social work was linked with interaction expertise, reflective expertise, social expertise and expertise on operational methods. In challenging client situations, the professional expertise in child welfare was constructed in the situations based on context and as situation-specific work and decision-making. The formal vertical expertise changed in the situations more to the direction of reflective and negotiating expertise. The social workers considered that the education in social work had provided an extensive theoretical knowledge base for the work and a professional identity. Learning in the workplace, learning from experiences and reflection were however considered important in professional development. The development of professional expertise in child protection social work appeared as quite common part of the work, for example as participation in continuing professional education in the field and job counselling. The structures within the work community, working in pairs and teams were considered an important source of learning, but the organization of the development of learning and expertise was not strategically managed or connected to the job in a target-oriented manner. In the future, more deliberately planned development of expertise development is required within larger organizational frames and multiprofessional teams, to strengthen the learning from others and the creation of multiprofessional knowledge to respond to the challenges of child welfare.
Suomalainen lastensuojelu on jo kauan tarvinnut uudistamista. Suuret asiakasmäärät, työntekijöiden uupuminen, vaihtuvuus, kuormittavuus sekä ammattilaisten välisen yhteistyön vaikeudet ovat olleet tiedostettuja ongelmia lastensuojelutyössä. Sosiaalihuoltolain ja lastensuojelun uudistuksilla on pyritty siihen, ettei perheen tarvitsisi olla lastensuojeluasiakas saadakseen sosiaalihuoltolain mukaista tarvittavaa tukea ja palveluja. Lastensuojelutyötä halutaankin kehittää entistä ennaltaehkäisevämpään suuntaan. Monet alan tutkijat ja toimijat näkevät, että lastensuojelu tarvitsee kokonaisvaltaisen toimintakulttuurin uudistamista. Nyt sellaista on syntymässä lastensuojelun systeemisen toimintamallin myötä. Mistä systeemisessä toimintamallissa on kyse? Edellinen ja nykyinen hallitus edistävät lapsi- ja perhepalveluiden muutosta osana laajaa sote-uudistusta. Systeeminen toimintamalli on systeemiseen perheterapiaan nojautuva interventio, jonka avulla muutoksia toivotaan tapahtuvan sekä lastensuojelun asiakastyön että organisaation tasolla. Systeemistä mallia on Suomessa kehitetty THL:n johdolla vuodesta 2017.
Etiikka määritellään systemaattiseksi yritykseksi pyrkiä ymmärtämään moraalikäsitteitä; sitä, mikä on oikein ja väärin tai hyvää ja pahaa. Etiikan ja samalla myös reilun ja oikeamielisen kohtelun korostuminen kaikessa toiminnassa perustuu arvovalintaan. Arvoja voidaan valita ja arvoja voidaan opettaa.
BACKGROUND: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE, OMIM# 264800) is an inborn error of metabolism causing ectopic soft tissue calcification due to low plasma pyrophosphate concentration. We aimed to assess the prevalence of PXE in Finland and to characterize the Finnish PXE population. A nationwide registry search was performed to identify patients with ICD-10 code Q82.84. Information was gathered from available medical records which were requisitioned from hospitals and health centers. Misdiagnosed patients and patients with insufficient records were excluded. RESULTS: The prevalence of PXE in Finland was 1:260,000 with equal sex distribution. Patients with high conventional cardiovascular risk had more visual and vascular complications than patients with low risk. Four patients (19%) had at least one vascular malformation. A high proportion (33%) of ABCC6 genotypes were of the common homozygous c.3421C > T, p.Arg1141Ter variant. Nine other homozygous or compound heterozygous allelic variants were found. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diagnosed PXE appears to be lower in Finland than in estimates from other countries. Decreased visual acuity is the most prevalent complication. We suggest that various vascular malformations may be an unrecognized feature of PXE.
A low-energy branch is under development for the MARA vacuum-mode recoil separator at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. This development will allow for the study of proton-rich nuclei through laser ionisation spectroscopy and mass measurements. After stopping and extraction from a buffer gas cell, the ions of interest will be accelerated and transported to dedicated experimental setups by an ion transport system consisting of several focusing, accelerating and mass-separating elements. This article presents the current design and simulations for the ion transport.