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Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system

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Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system

During the past few years Finnish schools have experienced the effects of increased immigration within their classrooms. It is important to examine how teachers and the education system affects the adaptation of immigrant children and what adaptation goals the education system holds for these children. Data was gathered by interviewing five comprehensive school teachers, and the transcripts of these interviews were analyzed using Qualitative Content Analysis. The data reveals that teachers’ expectations regarding the adaptation of immigrant children in the education system cannot be connected to popular adaptation theories in a meaningful way. Statements made by interviewees seem to oppose assimilationist notions of cross-cultural adaptation theory, as well as the suggestion by additive acculturation theory that education systems expect immigrant children to assimilate to a new culture. The data suggests that teachers support integration and multiculturality, which allows for a connection to be made to the acculturation strategies. The data also shows that interviewees hold quite essentialist views of culture, similar to most adaptation theories discussed in this study. The majority of the interviewees agreed that teachers play a great role in the adaptation process of immigrant children. Teachers found that although peers can play a big role in this process as well, it is the teachers’ responsibility to ensure the school is a safe place for all students and to correct racist attitudes of peers. The data reveals multiple methods teachers could use to affect the adaptation process of immigrant children. Interviewees highlighted the importance of teacher training, language education for immigrant students, preparatory education, integration among peers, support, and the promotion of multiculturality within the school. Based on the findings of this study, I suggest that the education system and multicultural training should steer away from providing an essentialist understanding of culture in order to better accommodate students of all backgrounds and avoid othering immigrant students.

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